On October 16, 2026, the Portuguese Parliament passed a preliminary vote that could fundamentally change healthcare access for non-resident foreigners. Backed by right-wing and far-right parties, the legislation seeks to require non-residents to either hold valid health insurance or pay for public medical services directly. Two distinct proposals, led by the Chega party and a joint effort by the PSD and CDS-People, target individuals from outside the European Union, those awaiting international protection, and undocumented migrants. Legal residents with valid permits remain exempt from these changes. Supporters argue the move is necessary to ensure the sustainability of public health services and combat so-called "medical tourism," whereas left-wing parties criticize the measures for potentially harming vulnerable populations. The legislative process is ongoing, though emergency medical care remains guaranteed for everyone regardless of their administrative status.