The international conference on the protection of transboundary watercourses and environmental pollution prevention continues in Tlemcen, featuring delegates from 35 countries. Organized by the Abou-Bekr-Belkaïd University and the General Directorate for Scientific Research and Technological Development, the event addresses complex challenges such as equitable water distribution, climate change impacts, and industrial pollution. Participants analyzed specific environmental threats, including waste discharge from Oujda (Morocco) into the Oued Mouilah, the contamination of the Boughrara dam, and water scarcity in the Béchar region. These issues were discussed as threats to state security. The conference, running until Thursday, aims to establish innovative strategies and recommendations to safeguard water resources and promote long-term sustainable development.